TABLE 4-7-1:  STAGES OF CONFLICT AND PEACE

WITH CORRESPONDING POLICY TOOLS

SITUATION 1:  STABLE PEACE

Stage of Conflict

Environment for Interventions

· Value or goal differences exist but are mainly addressed through established, non-violent channels.

· Possible minor political protests or violence against property and national symbols.

· Chances of violence low to remote.

Timeframe for Action

Primary Objectives

· Shape/change masses’ and elites’ attitudes, perceptions and skills that affect their grievances and actions.

· Maintain and strengthen stable relations and institutions.

· Create, strengthen or reform domestic political, social and economic institutions, procedures and other decision processes that define the public problem agenda, goals and policies, allocate authority, implement public decisions, and settle grievances.

· Define norms.

· Reduce socio-economic sources of conflict.

· Improve national and global welfare.

· Strengthen international and regional organizational capacities.

Illustrative Policy Tools:  Stable Peace

Official diplomacy

· Informal diplomatic consultations

Non-official

conflict management

· "Friends" groups

Military measures

· Arms control agreements

· Military reform/professionalization

· Military force restructuring/integration

· Military-to-military programs

· Non-aggression agreements

· Demilitarized zones, peace zones, nuclear-free zones

Economic and social development

· Private economic investment and loans

· Local/regional/international economic and resource cooperation

· Joint projects

· Health assistance

· Human rights monitoring/promotion

Judicial and legal measures

Communications and education

· Civic education

· Conflict resolution education/training

· Formal education programs

· Journalist training

· International broadcasts