Stage of Conflict

Environment for Interventions

· Changing roles and expectations.

· Bureaucratic inertia.

· Increasingly violent crime; organized crime.

· Financial problems.

· Breakdown of social mores and institutions.

· Widespread economic devastation.

Timeframe for Action

Primary Objectives

· Transform the security environment/create an atmosphere of basic security.

· Redefine and reorient relationships between political authority and citizens.

· Reconstruct infrastructure.

· Redefine relationships among ethnic and social groups.

· Rebuild/reform society, polity and economy.

· Promote accountability and security to inhibit cycles of revenge killing.

Illustrative Policy Tools:  Post-Conflict Reconstruction

Non-official conflict management

· Conflict resolution/prevention centers

Military measures

· Peacekeeping

· Military professionalization/reform

· Military restructuring/integration

· Disarmament/demining

· Arms control

Economic and social development

· Conditionality

· Sanctions

· Economic and resource cooperation

· Repatriation/projects with displaced people/refugees

Political development and governance

· National conferences

· Political institution-building

· Election support and monitoring

· Political party-building

· Decentralization of power

· Partitioning

· Training of public officials

· Civic society development

Judicial and legal measures

· Judicial/legal reform