A Guide:

STAGES OF CONFLICT AND PEACE WITH CORRESPONDING POLICY TOOLS
SITUATION 6:  POST-CONFLICT CRISIS

Stage of Conflict

 Cessation of hostilities; settlement

Environment for Interventions

 · Widespread casualties.

· Mutual stalemate.

· Declining political support for armies.

· Physical and institutional infrastructure destroyed.

 · Lack of social services.

· Bitterness; distrust.

· Political polarization.

· Social instability.

· Political transition.

Timeframe for Action

 Immediate to long-term

Primary Objectives

 · Regulate parties’ conflict behavior, actions, speech, interactions.

· Enforce ceasefires; contain crises.

· Conduct economic reform and reconstruction.

· Perform political reform and rehabilitation.

· Reform security sector.

· Rehabilitate social service sector and institutions.

· Prevent further conflict and disintegration.

Illustrative Policy Tools:  Post-Conflict Crisis

Official diplomacy

 · Mediation

· Negotiations

· Peace conferences

 · Peace consultations

· Reciprocal conciliatory good will gestures

Non-official conflict management

 · Support to indigenous dispute resolution and legal mechanisms · Peace commissions

Military measures

 · Military demobilization/reintegration

· Military restructuring/integration

· Confidence and security-building measures

 · Military reform/professionalization

· Arms control

· Disarmament

· Demilitarized zones

Economic and social development

 · Reconstruction assistance

· Economic reforms

· Inter-communal trade

· Development assistance

 · Conditionality

· Sanctions

· Repatriation/resettlement of refugees and displaced people

Political development and governance

 · Political institution-building

· Election support and monitoring

· National conferences

· Decentralization of power

 · Power-sharing arrangements

· Civic society development

· Local government capacity-building

· Capacity-building of public officials

Judicial and legal measures

 · Human rights monitoring/promotion

· Judicial/legal reform

· Police reform

 · War crimes tribunals/commissions of inquiry

Communications

and education

 · Peace radio/TV · Media professionalization